Written by Peter Sams   

Tuesday, 26 May 2009 09:10

Some types of depression do seem to run in families, suggesting a biological
vulnerability. This seems to be the case with bipolar depression and, to a lesser degree,
severe major depression.

Studies of families, in which members of each generation develop bipolar disorder,
found that those with bipolar disorder have a somewhat different genetic makeup than
those who are not diagnosed.

An external event often seems to initiate an episode of depression. Thus, a serious loss,
chronic illness, difficult relationship, financial problem, or any unwelcome change in life
patterns can trigger a depressive episode. Very often, a combination of genetic,
psychological, and environmental factors is involved in the onset of a depressive
disorder.

Biological Causes

Additional research data indicate that people suffering from depression have
imbalances of neurotransmitters, natural substances that allow brain cells to
communicate with one another. Two transmitters implicated in depression are serotonin
and norepinephrine. Scientists think a deficiency in serotonin may cause the sleep
problems, irritability, and anxiety associated with depression. Likewise, a decreased
amount of norepinephrine, which regulates alertness and arousal, may contribute to the
fatigue and depressed mood of the illness.

Stress Causes

Some people become depressed through being overwhelmed by change and stress.
We live in a time of rapidly increasing change and the demands of adjustment are
difficult. Too much of an adjustment in too short of a time may over burden a person.
Stress begins to wear them out and there is a loss of resiliency. They can no longer
bounce back from adversity. They begin to pull away from others and their energy
decreases.


Depression as a Disease

As we have seen, depression is not a disease. The physical symptoms are just that,
symptoms, and not causes.

Being depressed can feel like a physical disorder because you often feel exhausted,
experience pain, have changes in appetite, and so on.

Sudden Severe Loss

In this situation, the individual has experienced a sudden, perhaps surprising severe
loss. This loss may be the death of a loved one, loss of a job, loss of friendship, or other
grief process. In this type of depression, the patient can clearly identify what is creating
the depressed mood
A serious loss, chronic illness, relationship problems, work stress, family crisis, financial
setback, or any unwelcome life change can trigger a depressive episode. Very often, a
combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors are involved in the
development of depressive disorders, as well as other psychological problems. When
you feel depressed, and don't know where to turn, talk to someone who can help.... a
psychologist.

Signs and Symptoms of Depression

  • Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness
  • A bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better and there’s nothing you can do to
    improve your situation.
  • Loss of interest in dailly activities
  • No interest in or ability to enjoy former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex.
  • Appetite or weight changes
  • Significant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5% of body weight
    in a month.
  • Sleep changes
  • Either insomnia or oversleeping (also known as hypersomnia).


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